diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index db01dd41..35141536 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ DB_HOST=postgres
 DB_USER=
 DB_PASSWORD=
 DB_NAME=report_db
-# DB 데이터 저장 경로 (호스트 바인드 마운트, 기본값 /data/postgres)
-DB_DATA_DIR=/data/postgres
+# DB 데이터 저장 경로 (프로젝트 폴더 기준 상대 경로, 기본값 ./data/postgres)
+DB_DATA_DIR=./data/postgres
 
 # Admin Account
 ADMIN_USER=
diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/deploy.yml b/.gitea/workflows/deploy.yml
index 6b07e78e..98303563 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/deploy.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/deploy.yml
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cd "$DEPLOY_DIR"
           docker compose up -d
+          # backend/frontend는 항상 새로 기동: DB 교체 시 스키마 재동기화,
+          # nginx의 낡은 upstream IP 캐시 방지
+          docker compose up -d --no-deps --force-recreate backend frontend
 
       - name: Prune dangling images
         run: docker image prune -f
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index bb93cdee..bfa6e29a 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ dist/
 # Uploads / generated assets
 backend/img/
 
+# DB data (bind mount)
+data/
+
 # Logs & OS files
 *.log
 .DS_Store
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index 43243e0a..b6b3c5ef 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ services:
     expose:
       - "5432"
     volumes:
-      - ${DB_DATA_DIR:-/data/postgres}:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+      - ${DB_DATA_DIR:-./data/postgres}:/var/lib/postgresql/data
     networks:
       - app-network
     healthcheck: